CCNY Neural Engineering Group at 7th International Conference on NiBS
Work from the Bikson lat at the conference includes new models of ECT using “adaptive” methods.

Work from the Bikson lat at the conference includes new models of ECT using “adaptive” methods.

(Updated) The CCNY Neural Engineering Group will have multiple presentations at the upcoming 7th International Conference on Non-invasive Brain Stimulation:

Tuesday, November 10th, 2020:

17:45-18:45 CET (UTC+1) | Zoom-Webinar 1: Workshop: NIBS teaching course – Modelling of TMS and TES induced electrical fields in the brain | Marom Bikson, Slides PDF Watch Bikson portion here

14:00 CET (UTC+1) | ePoster NIBS | Station 2: Effect of Electrode Preparation on Static Impedance in Electroconvulsive Therapy | Samantha Cohen et al. PDF. Video presentation available here.

14:00-16:00 CET (UTC+1) | ePoster NIBS | Station 10: Dynamic Models of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Implications for Programming, Electrodes, and Current Flow | Gozde Unal | Jaiti Swami et al. Poster PDF Read the paper preprint here

14:00-16:00 CET (UTC+1) | ePoster NIBS | Station 1: A new look, with old data, at the correlation between the static and dynamic impedance during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | Carliza Canela et al. PDF. Video presentation available here.

16:00 CET (UTC+1) | ePoster DGKN | Station 2: Mechanisms of Temporal Interference (TI) stimulation | Zeinab Esmaeilpour et al. Poster PDF . And read the paper here in Brain Stimulation journal. Video presentation available here.

Wednesday, November 11th, 2020:

14:00-14:45 CET (UTC+1) | NIBS PLENARY Livestream 1: Shared mechanisms of tDCS, tACS, Temporal Interference Stimulation, and ECT | Marom Bikson, download slides PDF Watch video here

17:30–18:00 CET (UTC+1) | Livestream 4: High-resolution modeling and large-animal validation of transcutaneous direct current stimulation of neurorehabilitation | Marom Bikson, Download slides PDF Watch video here

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New paper: Case Series of tDCS as an Augmentation Strategy for Attention Bias Modification Treatment in Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders

New publication in Clinical Psychology and Special Education

Case Series of tDCS as an Augmentation Strategy for Attention Bias Modification Treatment in Adolescents with Anxiety

Daniella Vaclavik, Michele Bechor, Adriana Foster, Leonard M. Gralnik, Yair Bar-Haim, Daniel S. Pine, Marom Bikson, Wendy K. Silverman, Bethany C. Reeb-Sutherland, & Jeremy W. Pettit

Clinical Psychology and Special Education | (2020) 9:3 | https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090308

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Abstract: This article presents the results of a case series to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical promise of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as an augmentation strategy in clinic referred adolescents. Attention Bias Modification Treatment (ABMT) is a computer-based attention-training protocol designed to reduce rapidly deployed attention orienting to threat and thereby reduce anxiety symptom severity. Studies of ABMT reveal overall small to medium effect sizes. Advances in the neural underpinnings of attention to threat and attention-training protocols suggest the potential of tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as a novel augmentation strategy to enhance ABMT’s efficacy (ABMT + tDCS). However, tDCS has never been tested in a sample of adolescents with anxiety disorders. Six adolescents with a primary anxiety disorder completed all four ABMT + tDCS sessions. Adverse effects were mild and transient. Adolescents and parents independently reported fair to excellent levels of satisfaction. Impairment ratings of the primary anxiety disorder significantly decreased. Further, electrophysiological data recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) suggested decreases in neural resources allocated to threat. These findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical promise of tDCS as an augmentation strategy in adolescents with anxiety disorders, and provide the impetus for further investigation using randomized controlled designs in larger samples.

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New paper: Modulation of solute diffusivity in brain tissue by tDCS

New publication in Nature Scientific Reports

Modulation of solute diffusivity in brain tissue as a novel mechanism of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Yifan Xia, Wasem Khalid, Zhaokai Yin, Guangyao Huang, Marom Bikson & Bingmei M. Fu

Scientific Reports | (2020) 10:18488 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75460-4

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Abstract: The breadth of brain disorders and functions reported responsive to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) suggests a generalizable mechanism of action. Prior efforts characterized its cellular targets including neuron, glia and endothelial cells. We propose tDCS also modulates the substance transport in brain tissue. High resolution multiphoton microscopy imaged the spread across rat brain tissue of fluorescently-labeled solutes injected through the carotid artery after tDCS. The effective solute diffusion coefficient of brain tissue (Deff) was determined from the spatio-temporal solute concentration profiles using an unsteady diffusion transport model. 5–10 min post 20 min–1 mA tDCS, Deff increased by ~ 10% for a small solute, sodium fluorescein, and ~ 120% for larger solutes, BSA and Dex-70k. All increases in Deff returned to the control level 25–30 min post tDCS. A mathematical model for Deff in the extracelluar space (ECS) further predicts that this dose of tDCS increases Deffby transiently enhancing the brain ECS gap spacing by ~ 1.5-fold and accordingly reducing the extracellular matrix density. The cascades leading ECS modulation and its impact on excitability, synaptic function, plasticity, and brain clearance require further study. Modulation of solute diffusivity and ECS could explain diverse outcomes of tDCS and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.

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Marom Bikson
Bikson joins Neuroergonomics Journal panel Oct 27

Neuroergonomics is motivated to effectively apply neuroscientific methods and theories to understand how the brain works in everyday life. About this Event In the #1 installment of the Neuroergonomics Conference webinar series, we are pleased to host the launch of a new journal, Frontiers in Neuroergonomics. We invite the field editors and section editors of this new journal to share with us the opportunities for communicating your research.

Event is sold out but will stream Oct 27, 2020 at 10:30 am at this link

Besides this, we have the honor of hosting Prof. Art Kramer who will give a keynote lecture on “Implications of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Brain Health.”.

This will be a great opportunity to meet like-minded colleagues and to find out ways to contribute to our rapidly growing community. See you there!!! Disclaimer: The Neuroergonomics Conference is a non-profit community-led initiative, independent from Frontiers Media S.A.

Program (Eastern Standard Time) 10:30 am -- Meet & Greet You, You, You and You Small breakout rooms to get to make new friends and catch up with old ones.

11:00 am -- Welcome remarks Field Chief Editors of the Frontiers Journal of Neuroergonomics Hasan Ayaz, Waldemar Karwowski, Frederic Dehais

11:15 am -- Panel Discussion "The many facets of Neuroergonomics" Specialty Chief Editors of the Frontiers Journal of Neuroergonomics Marom Bikson, Anne-Marie Brouwer, Daniel Callan, Stephen Fairclough, Klaus Gramann, Frank Krueger, Fabien Lotte, Stephene Perrey

11:45 am -- Keynote Talk "Implications of Physical Activity and Exercise on Cognitive and Brain Health" Art Kramer, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, US

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Marom Bikson
New Chapter: "Transcranial Electrical Stimulation" in Neural Engineering

Dr. Dennis Q. Truong, Dr. Niranjan Khadka, and Dr. Marom Bikson publish a chapter "Transcranial Electrical Stimulation" in the textbook Neural Engineering, edited by Bin He, published by Springer.

Download the chapter PDF

Chapter abstract: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) includes a range of devices where electric current is applied to electrodes on the head to modulate brain function. Various tES devices are applied to indications spanning neurological and psychiatric disorders, neuro-rehabilitation after injury, and altering cognition in healthy adults. All tES devices share certain common features including a waveform generator (typically current controlled), disposable electrodes or electrolyte, and an adhesive or headgear to position the electrodes. tES “dose” is defined by the size and position of electrodes and the waveform (current pattern, duration, and intensity). Many subclasses of tES are named based on dose. This chapter is largely focused on low-intensity (few mA) tES. Low-intensity tES includes transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating- current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial pulsed-current stimulation (tPCS). Electrode design is important for reproducibility, tolerability, and influences when and what dose can be applied. Stimulation impedance measurements monitor contact quality, while current control is typically used to ensure consistent current delivery despite electrode impedance unknowns. Computational current flow models support device design and programming by informing dose selection for a given outcome. Consensus on the safety and tolerability of tES is protocol-specific, but medical-grade tES devices minimize risk.

Keywords Transcranial · Electrical · Stimulation · tES · tDCS · tACS · tPCS · Neuromodulation · Electrode design · Noninvasive · Medical devices

Full book information

Marom Bikson
New pub: Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders

Application of Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders

PMID: 32916852 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030119 PDF

James Douglas Bremner, Nil Z Gurel, Matthew T Wittbrodt, Mobashir H Shandhi, Mark H Rapaport, Jonathon A Nye, Bradley D Pearce, Viola Vaccarino, Amit J Shah, Jeanie Park, Marom Bikson, Omer T Inan

Abstract

Background: Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of depression, but to date, VNS devices have required surgical implantation, which has limited widespread implementation. Methods: New noninvasive VNS (nVNS) devices have been developed which allow external stimulation of the vagus nerve, and their effects on physiology in patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders can be measured with brain imaging, blood biomarkers, and wearable sensing devices. Advantages in terms of cost and convenience may lead to more widespread implementation in psychiatry, as well as facilitate research of the physiology of the vagus nerve in humans. nVNS has effects on autonomic tone, cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, and central brain areas involved in modulation of emotion, all of which make it particularly applicable to patients with stress-related psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, since dysregulation of these circuits and systems underlies the symptomatology of these disorders. Results: This paper reviewed the physiology of the vagus nerve and its relevance to modulating the stress response in the context of application of nVNS to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: nVNS has a favorable effect on stress physiology that is measurable using brain imaging, blood biomarkers of inflammation, and wearable sensing devices, and shows promise in the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.

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Marom Bikson
Bikson to give NIH Keynote at Academy of Aphasia 2020

Prof. Marom Bikson to give the NIH keynote at the Academy of Aphasia 58th Annual Meeting 18-20 October, 2020 (online)

Title:  transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) boosts capacity for plasticity

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) applies low-intensity current across the scalp in order to modulate brain function including to enhance neurorehabilitation. This talk explains the basics of tDCS technology, how tDCS can be customized to patients with brain injury, and how tDCS boosts the capacity for brain plasticity. 

Download slides PDF

Meeting website

Meeting information:

General keynote speaker is Dr. Elissa Newport of Georgetown University. Dr. Newport is a Professor of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine at the Georgetown University Medical Center, where she directs the Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery. Dr. Newport runs the Learning and Development Lab, which studies the acquisition of language, the relationship between language acquisition and language structure, and the Pediatric Stroke Research Project, which studies the recovery of language after damage to the brain early in life.She has been recognized by a number of organizations for the impact of her theoretical and empirical contributions to the field of language acquisition. She has been elected as a fellow in the Association for Psychological Science, the Society of Experimental Psychologists, the Cognitive Science Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences. Her research has been supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the McDonnell Foundation, and the Packard Foundation. In 2015 she received the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science.

Now in its third year, the NIDCD-funded Academy of Aphasia conference grant (R13 DC017375-01) will sponsor student fellows for focused mentoring and training, and includes a of state-of-the-art New Frontiers in Aphasia Research seminar. This year's topic will focus on transcranial direct current stimulation, and the NIH keynote speaker will be Dr. Marom Bikson of The City College of New York. Dr. Bikson is the Shames Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering where he directs the Neural Engineering Group. His work studies the effects of electricity on the human body and applies this knowledge toward the development of medical devices and electrical safety guidelines, including transcranial direct current stimulation. Both U.S. and international students are eligible to apply. Please contact Swathi Kiran (kirans@bu.edu) with inquiries.

Marom Bikson
Prof. Bikson M-PI on $1.5m NIH grant ""BRIDGES TO THE BACCALAUREATE RESEARCH"

The National Institutes of Health NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES awarded “BRIDGES TO THE BACCALAUREATE RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM AT LAGUARDIA COMMUNITY COLLEGE” to a team including LAGUARDIA COMMUNITY COLLEGE (PI Hendrick Delcham) and THE CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK (M-PI Marom Bikson).

LaGuardia Community College’s “Bridges to the Baccalaureate Program” provides mentored research (including at The City College of New York) experiences year round to qualified minority, economically disadvantaged or disabled students. Beyond the research experience, the program features instructional workshops on quantitative literacy (Biostatistics), oral presentation, research paper critiques, bio- instrumentations, research design, data science, mentoring, leadership and management skills, monthly research student seminars, tutoring, transfer and transfer counseling, student presentations at local and national conferences.

LaGuardia Community College’s “Bridges to the Baccalaureate Research Training Program” has demonstrated high graduation and high transfer rates for our students, conclusively demonstrating that a community college can take the lead in administering a successful Bridges program. Our program has formed a consortium LaGuardia Community College’s and three exceptional four-year colleges—the City College of New York, Hunter College, and Queens College—to provide challenging research experiences in the biomedical and behavioral sciences for our underrepresented college students: women, minorities, the disabled, and those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. LaGuardia proposes to place 10 students in hands-on, mentored research experiences each year of the grant period. These students will choose from a list of research projects and will be engaged in preliminary, preparatory research at LaGuardia, under the tutelage of the LaGuardia Faculty Research Mentors. This experience gained will then be utilized during the summer, as the Bridges students become involved in more intensive research at our three linking colleges, Brookhaven National Laboratories, and SUNY downstate Medical Center. The Bridges program also features a number of activities designed to support the students: monthly research student seminars, tutoring, transfer counseling, opportunities to present their research results at local and national conferences, instruction in the Responsible Conduct of Research, Rigor and Reproducibility, instructional workshops on bio-statistics, leadership and self-management skills, bioinstrumentation, research paper critique, library research, research design, data science, introduction to Python, and poster presentation and the use of ePortfolios. The ePortfolio will be used by Bridges students to collect their academic work, progress report and to reflect on their learning and career goals. The program will also offer LaGuardia faculty the opportunity to participate in effective mentoring workshop offered at the university of Wisconsin and Bridges students will also enroll in the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN). The monthly research seminars are notable in that they feature progress reports and formal final reports by the students themselves, presentations by CUNY faculty and outside speakers, information from the program’s transfer counselor, a session on developing and delivering professional presentations, and an Alumni Homecoming Day where Bridges alumni return to share their successes and research with current Bridges students. Bridges students will also use an adapted version of myIDP (Individual Development Plan) to explore careers in biomedical, sciences, and bioengineering.

Marom Bikson
New paper: Design and Rationale of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial

Design and Rationale of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial: Prevention of Alzheimer's dementia with Cognitive remediation plus transcranial direct current stimulation in Mild cognitive impairment and Depression

Rajji TK, Bowie CR, Herrmann N, Pollock BG, Bikson M, Blumberger DM, Butters MA, Daskalakis ZJ, Fischer CE, Flint AJ, Golas AC, Graff-Guerrero A, Kumar S, Lourenco L, Mah L, Ovaysikia S, Thorpe KE, Voineskos AN, Mulsant BH; PACt-MD Study Group. .

J Alzheimers Dis . 2020;76(2):733-751. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200141. PDF

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Marom Bikson
New paper: Evidence-based guidelines for tDCS in neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Evidence-based guidelines and secondary meta-analysis for the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Fregni F, El-Hagrassy MM, Pacheco-Barrios K, Carvalho S, Leite J, Simis M, Brunelin J, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Marangolo P, Venkatasubramanian G, San-Juan S, Caumo W, Bikson M, Brunoni AR, Neuromodulation Center Working Group.

Int J Neuropsychopharmacol . 2020 Jul 26;pyaa051. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa051.

In press PDF

Marom Bikson
New Preprint: Neurovascular-modulation

Niranjan Khadka, Marom Bikson. Neurovascular-modulation. bioRxiv 13046435 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.214494


Download PDF published in bioRxiv — DOI

Abstract

Neurovascular-modulation is based on two principles that derive directly from brain vascular ultra-structure, namely an exceptionally dense capillary bed (BBB length density: 972 mm/mm3) and a blood-brain-barrier (BBB) resistivity (ρ ~ 1x105 Ω.m) much higher than brain parenchyma/interstitial space (ρ ~ 4 Ω.m) or blood (ρ ~ 1 Ω.m).Principle 1: Electrical current crosses between the brain parenchyma (interstitial space) and vasculature, producing BBB electric fields (EBBB) that are > 400x of the parenchyma electric field (ĒBRAIN), which in turn modulates transport across the BBB. Specifically, for a BBB space constant (λBBB) and wall thickness (dth-BBB): analytical solution for maximum BBB electric field (EABBB) is given as:(ĒBRAIN x λBBB) / dth-BBB. Direct vascular stimulation suggests novel therapeutic strategies such as boosting metabolic capacity or interstitial fluid clearance. Boosting metabolic capacity impacts all forms of neuromodulation, including those applying intensive stimulation or driving neuroplasticity. Boosting interstitial fluid clearance has broad implications as a treatment for neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's disease.Principle 2: Electrical current in the brain parenchyma is distorted around brain vasculature, amplifying neuronal polarization. Specifically, vascular ultra-structure produces ~50% modulation of the average ĒBRAIN over the ~40 μm inter-capillary distance. The divergence of EBRAIN (activating function) is thus ~100 kV/m2 per unit average ĒBRAIN. This impacts all forms of neuromodulation, including Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques such a transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Specifically, whereas spatial profile of EBRAIN along neurons is traditionally assumed to depend on macroscopic anatomy, it instead depends on local vascular ultra-structure.

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How focal is DBS in rodents?

Callesen H, Habelt B, Wieske F, Jackson M, Khadka N, Mattei D, Bernhardt N, Heinz A, Liebetanz D, Bikson M, Padberg F, Hadar R, Nitsche MA, Winter C


Download: PDF published in Nature Translational Psychiatry – DOI

Download Supplementary figures

Abstract

Involuntary movements as seen in repetitive disorders such as Tourette Syndrome (TS) results from cortical hyperexcitability that arise due to striato-thalamo-cortical circuit (STC) imbalance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a stimulation procedure that changes cortical excitability, yet its relevance in repetitive disorders such as TS remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed the dopamine transporter-overexpressing (DAT-tg) rat model to investigate behavioral and neurobiological effects of frontal tDCS. The outcome of tDCS was pathology dependent, as anodal tDCS decreased repetitive behavior in the DAT-tg rats yet increased it in wild-type (wt) rats. Extensive deep brain stimulation (DBS) application and computational modeling assigned the response in DAT-tg rats to the sensorimotor pathway. Neurobiological assessment revealed cortical activity changes and increase in striatal inhibitory properties in the DAT-tg rats. Our findings show that tDCS reduces repetitive behavior in the DAT-tg rat through modulation of the sensorimotor STC circuit. This sets the stage for further investigating the usage of tDCS in repetitive disorders such as TS.

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Technical walkthrough video of RADO-SCS: an open-source simulation tool for SCS and DRGS with the most detailed anatomy

The Realistic Anatomically Detailed Open-source Spinal Cord Stimulation Model (RADO-SCS) is the most anatomically detailed and open-source spinal cord model for simulating all forms of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), DRG stimulation, other forms of spinal cord modulation such as transpinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), and other forms of spinal modeling such as biomechanical. RADO-SCS is an open source spinal cord stimulation model designed in Solidworks 2016. Model includes detailed structures of the lower thoracic vertebrae (T10-T12) and the spinal column with an emphasis on spinal tissues, nerves, and vasculature. Layers of meninges protecting the gray and white matter such as epidural space, subdural space, arachnoid matter, CSF, and pia matter are designed in detail. Lissauer’s tract and rootlets carrying nerve fibers away from the spinal cord are also included in anatomical detail. STL and Solidworks files for this open source model, as well as any questions on use, can be requested at https://www.neuralengr.org/spinal-cor...

This work has been conducted in collaboration between Dr. Marom Bikson's and Scott Lempka’s research groups. This model of this video was published as and can be cited as: Khadka, N., Liu, X., Zander, H., Swami, J., Rogers, E., Lempka, S., Bikson, M., 2020. Realistic anatomically detailed open-source spinal cord stimulation (RADO-SCS) model. J. Neural Eng. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ab8344


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Watch Dr. Bikson talk at BioKorea: What makes HD-tDCS special

This talk given at BioKorea 2020 explains "High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) : Low-power, Targeted, Non-invasive Electroceuticals for CNS diseases".

HD-tDCS is special among neuromodulation approaches in that it 1) can be delivered with a battery powered device, 2) it is non-invasive and very well tolerated, can be fully wearable, 3) can be targeted to anatomical regions including using individual MRI or EEG, 4) and can be functionally targeted since it is sub-threshold. No other brain stimulation technique combines all these features, and this talk explains each one in turn.

Watch the talk here

Download the talk PDF

All references (and more) can be found on the lab publication page here

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Marom Bikson
(Update) Dr. Bikson webinar May 18th "Targeting Limits of tES"

Brainbox Initiative Webinar: The Targeting Limits of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Marom Bikson of the The City College of New York

Hear the talk here

Download PDF slide

Some additional Q&A posted here

This free, interactive session will equip delegates with a knowledge of: Modes of transcranial electrical stimulation including conventional tDCS and High-Definition tDCS. Insights on the mechanisms of tDCS that integrate results from advanced current flow and animal models. Using EEG to guide stimulation (reciprocity). New concepts in non-invasive sub-gyri targeting. Functional targeting and Hebbian neuromodulation. The uses and pitfalls of Anode/Cathode based intervention design. Automated tools for individuated modeling. Biophysical insights into Temporal interference stimulation. This webinar will take place at 14:00 BST on May 18, 2020 and will last for approximately 1 hour with time for questions.

Marom Bikson